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Insufficient R&D investment coexists with the problem of “surplus” R&D investment, high dependence on technology, insufficient protection of intellectual property rights, and passive implementation of product testing and standards
At present, the research and development intensity of China's key industries is significantly lower than that of leading countries. The US pharmaceutical industry is 24.5%, the electronic computer, communications, and electronic equipment industries are 14%-19%, and the transportation industry (excluding automobiles) is 11.5%; The R&D intensities are 1.63 0}o, 1.51 0}o, 2.180}0. National integrated circuit manufacturing companies have less than 1/6 of Intel’s investment in production capacity, R&D and investment; the patent applications of large domestic auto companies are not commensurate with the size of the company, and the output and sales volume are among the leading corporate patents in the industry. There are fewer applications. But on the other hand, driven by interests, R&D in some areas is crowded, resulting in huge waste. For example, in the field of generic drug research and development, imatinib, capecitabine, bortezomib and other generic drugs have more than 10 companies in research and application, almost all domestic first-line generic drug companies.
The patent rights of some core technologies have been mastered abroad, especially in the high-tech field. Statistics show that the patents owned by the United States and Japan account for about 90% of the world's total patents, while other countries, including China, account for only about 10%. At present, my country's foreign technology dependence is as high as 50%, while the United States and Japan are only 50%. The average award for patent infringement cases in my country is only about 80,000 yuan, while the average award for the United States is 5 million US dollars. In addition to weak protection, intellectual property rights are intensive
There is a gap between the contribution of industry to the national economy and the leading countries. From 2003 to 2012, the international trade deficit of intellectual property increased from US$3.44 billion to US$16.71 billion, and it has increased year by year. It has become the main source of the service trade deficit.
Barriers to foreign technology, trade, and industrial policies continue to rise, trade rules are restructured, and the international competition environment facing my country’s industries remains grim
Manufacturing powers such as the United States, Germany, and Japan continue to strengthen intellectual property strategies, lead the formulation of global standards, and build technology and innovation empires. At the same time, strengthening the control of high-tech outflows through the national legal system for controlling outflows has led to a further aggravation of the imbalance in the application of new technologies, and the “technical divide” between developed and developing countries continues to expand. The new trade rules reconstruction, while eliminating trade emperors and strengthening market competition, will also continue to erode national sovereignty. With the technological lock-in in the high-tech field, the status of China's industry in the global value chain has been substantially difficult to improve Increase; the reconstruction of the global trade and investment order may have a substitution effect on domestic trade and investment. The pressure on foreign trade in domestic industries and attracting international direct investment will also increase.
In 2016, China’s macro economy still has certain uncertainties, and it is necessary to continuously improve the supporting policies for industrial upgrading and transformation, and strengthen the top-level financial security information. 1. Increase support for independent innovation and scientific research investment, and strengthen standards and certification. Work, pay attention to personnel training; coordinate planning, resolve excess capacity; adjust the trade policy of some products appropriately according to industrial development, increase the transparency of exchange rate changes; increase financial support for leading enterprises, backbone enterprises, and reputable small and medium-sized enterprises to cultivate Local multinational companies to enhance participation and control in global value chains; improve supporting policies for companies to "go global".
